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"Death Penalty" means a prison in Italy

In Italian prisons each year die of natural causes more than 100 detainees. The newspapers rarely give news. Sometimes, the cause of death is cardiovascular disease, other times, marks the culmination of a chronic illness or hunger strike or even a suicide, in prison that has a frequency 19 times higher.

Other deaths, however, are suspected of abuse by staff on duty or violence by other detainees. The tragic case of Stephen Cucchi is just the latest in a series that originated in past years. The Judiciary is already dealing with the death of Louis Acquaviva, Julian Costantini, Francesco Romeo, Mauro Fedele. E 'plausible the hypothesis of murder, but, pending the outcome of the judicial investigation, these deaths are still classified as "natural causes".

often these plays are located in dilapidated structures, with little re-education activities, which is low even volunteering. These deficiencies must be added the cuts and the reduction of prison health staff. The detainee does not are guaranteed the rights to health and dignity.

latter actually destroyed in people in prison awaiting trial. Today, just because a notice of a newspaper and television destroy the life of the suspect, without taking into account the presumption of innocence guaranteed by the laws and the State, until a final ruling. Persons under investigation, that 50% of cases will eventually acquitted ... But now their name has been associated with criminal events and that's what stays in people's memories. Not the sentence of acquittal or correction of the paragraph in the newspapers.

another critical is that of reintegration into society, at the end of the sentence. There are bodies responsible for supporting people released from prison, the councils of social welfare, required by the Prison Reform Act of 1975. There are also offices for the Criminal Execution External (UEPE), with the dual function of monitoring and support during the implementation of alternative measures. But often, everything remains on paper. The penalty is just retribution, rehabilitation is rejected. It follows that the addict will return to drugs, the thief to steal, to kill the murderess.

course, the solutions do not come magically from the cylinder. But it could promote projects prevention of suicide and self harm, monitor - making use of associations prison and newspapers - the deaths in prisons, provide access to health care volunteers to accompany the medical staff on duty. The foreign prisoners, more numerous, and require targeted health education, socio-cultural mediation ...

In this bleak landscape, become emblematic, and dramatically present the words of Adriano Sofri written in 1999 in "il Foglio" "I want to return to this avoidance of shame. In the last three months have escaped from Rebibbia and one from Milan Opera. old people, with knotted sheets ... But the most common form of evasion and insidious, because they form so as to be ignored in the statistics criminals, is suicide. A hundred criminals a year if they go well, sometimes the sheets with their administration.
It's time to say enough. "

Massimiliano Fanni Canelles

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STEM CELLS: Stem cell therapy in the laws of life

All of us humans, but also every living being originates and develops from a single cell. It is clear that cell and that their daughters must be intrinsically information and skills needed to replicate and transform, rather specialize in all the different cells and tissues that characterize the adult organism. These are the stem cells, known as "totipotent" non-specialized, sensitive to the aging process, with infinite replicative potential.

cells and then characterized by a high capacity to generate and then to regenerate tissues. But cells with characteristics of autonomy and freedom of action similar to cancer cells. During the growth of the embryo these cells give rise to various organs, moving into position, keeping only readable information relevant to the function that has been predetermined for them, "forget" progressively everything that they do not begin to compete and grow old : turn into somatic cells that characterize the adult organism.

Risulta evidente quindi che la possibilità di utilizzare, controllare e direzionare cellule staminali proprie o di altri individui possa essere una grande opportunità terapeutica nelle malattie degenerative, come in quelle genetiche, ma anche in tutte quelle caratterizzate da morte cellulare come ictus ed infarto. È la nuova frontiera della medicina che dopo aver ottenuto grandi risultati con i farmaci “chimici” e un po’ meno con quelli “biologici”, ha oggi a disposizione la possibilità di coltivare delle cellule che possano riprodurre i meccanismi fisiologici dell’organismo, modulare la risposta immune, riparare i danni tissutali e trasformarsi in tessuti di altri individui evitando il rischio del rigetto.
But to achieve this we must overcome many obstacles. The most effective results could be obtained from cells "totipotent," capable of turning into mean any fabric we want.

To do this we should use embryonic cells, with serious ethical implications of the need to withdraw from a human embryo, especially without having the full ability to control directionality and their development. Our knowledge on the phases of operation, reading, transcription of the genetic cell is in fact still far from a genuine understanding of the steps. The real risk and evidence, as mentioned intrinsic to embryonic stem cells, therefore, is to insert cellule senza adeguato controllo e di stimolare anche la nascita di neoplasie nell’individuo ricevente.

Nell’organismo adulto possiamo però trovare cellule con caratteri di multipotenza chiamate staminali adulte. Possono essere prelevate soprattutto dal cordone ombelicale, dal midollo osseo e dal grasso corporeo. Queste cellule hanno caratteristiche di trasformazione e differenziazione molto minori a quelle embrionali, possono specializzarsi in un numero limitato di tessuti, spesso simili a quelli nelle quali sono state prelevate. Sono anche in parte sensibili ai processi di invecchiamento, ma hanno caratteristiche meno vicine alle cellule tumorali e quindi sono utilizzabili con un rischio maggiormente accettabile. Gli scienziati hanno then decided to turn these adult stem cells by increasing its transforming ability.

This could happen with the manipulation of genes that allowed the regression to a pluripotent ottenedo so genetically reprogrammed adult somatic cell-like embryonic (IPS). In the future it is hoped that the "cell therapy" and especially with adult stem cells could take a prominent place in studies, research and experiments, and in this sense, the legislature and the Italian and European regulations provide for this feasibility. Because medical science can progress it is necessary to maintain a given therapeutic use that has been proven be effective to prevent, in addition to brain drain abroad, including that of patients.

Massimiliano Fanni Canelles

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was 1958 when he started a project of the Ministry of Defence of the United States called ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) in an attempt to counter the technological development of 'Soviet Union. In 1966 ARPANET, the first network, launches its first cry and 1971 can not connect with each other 23 computers. But we must wait until 1982 because the word Internet is born: with the creation of TCP / IP sets the standard that would allow interconnections multiple. The shift, however, has in 1991 when CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) announces the birth of the World Wide Web (www). Begin to proliferate and service providers in 1992 are already connected to the network of one million computers, which become 600 million in 2008 with more than 600 million active websites and 120,000 blogs are born every day.

Internet is now the main form of communication, storage, consulting, advertising and information. No one had expected, no one has managed to contain it, nobody can control it. The nature of the Internet, since its inception, is in fact to circumvent any possible obstacle. ARPANET was designed specifically to maintain active communication between the "nodes" in the event of war or nuclear holocaust. The system hardware and software has been set with this function and it remains today. The network of networks, as an autonomous entity, grows, expands, always finds new ways to allow connections and ways to circumvent government filters or commercial purposes.

As a social brain, which already has a number of addresses twenty times higher than the number of existing neurons in our brain, has become the most powerful and revolutionary man-made. After merging with each other Western countries, has extended to developing countries, becoming the largest social phenomenon, cultural and democratic history. In many countries allow freedom of expression and democracy, guarantees to the people around the world to see and know everything, even what you would like to keep hidden.

Today, thanks to the Internet, you can have access to information from anywhere on the planet and get answers in seconds. In just over ten years, mankind has accumulated such a large amount of information to transform the entire network in the universal knowledge: from research and studies made by many on-line American universities encyclopedia Wikipedia that has reached one million items, from newspapers to the minute updated information to the operations held non-stop, from personal blogs to the considerations of each of us.

An immense work, created for free by millions of people. Without any coordination, was achieved something that no plan could ever achieve production company and, most importantly, no funding could support. Internet lends it a significance far beyond the possibility of grants with its use. He questioned everything: the control of information, propaganda policy, freedom of thought and speech, the rules of market economy and based on an outdated and anachronistic GDP and, of course, even the legality of the surveillance systems, which must necessarily change and evolve to prevent the use of criminal network.

But above all, was the only instance in history in which each of us, like bees in a hive, has used time and energy to cooperate rather than compete, in an area in which one can never tell who is at the center and the periphery, especially those who are at the top or at the base of the system.

Massimiliano Fanni Canelles